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Recursos bibliográficos en papel y digitales -
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» Resultado: 2 registros
| Registro 1 de 2 | |
| Autor: | Arrow, Kenneth J. - Dasgupta, Partha - Goulder, Lawrence H. - Mumford, Kevin J. - Oleson, Kirsten |
| Título: | Sustainability and the measurement of wealth: further reflections |
| Fuente: | Environment and Development Economics. v.18, n.4. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| Páginas: | pp. 504-516 |
| Año: | Aug. 2013 |
| Resumen: | The June 2012 issue of Environment and Development Economics published a symposium with considerable focus on our paper, ’Sustainability and the measurement of wealth’. The Symposium also contained five articles in which other researchers offered valuable comments on our paper. The present note replies to those comments. It clarifies important issues and reveals how important questions relating to sustainability analysis can be fruitfully addressed within our framework. These include questions about the treatment of time, the use of shadow prices and the treatment of transnational externalities. This note also offers new theoretical results that help substantiate our earlier empirical finding that the value of human health is something very different from the value of the consumption permitted by health and survival. |
| Solicitar por: | HEMEROTECA E + datos de Fuente |
| Registro 2 de 2 | |
| Autor: | Goulder, Lawrence H. - |
| Título: | Environmental policy making in a second-best setting |
| Fuente: | Journal of Applied Economics. v.1, n.2. Universidad del CEMA |
| Páginas: | pp. 279-328 |
| Año: | Nov. 1998 |
| Resumen: | This paper uses analytically tractable and numerically solved general equilibrium models to examine the significance of pre-existing distortions in factor markets for revenue-neutral environmental tax reforms and for various policies involving pollution quotas and permits. Results indicate that pre-existing factor taxes generally raise the costs of these environmental policies. This reflects a tax-interaction effect: the lowering of real factor returns resulting from the higher output prices occasioned by environmental taxes and other regulations. The revenue-recycling effect - stemming from the use of environmental tax revenues to finance cuts in pre-existing factor taxes - helps reduce policy costs, but under plausible assumptions does not eliminate the costs of such policies: the double dividend does not materialize. Even if it does not produce a double dividend, the revenue-recycling effect is important for reducing policy costs. Policies that fail to exploit the revenue-recycling effects suffer significant disadvantages in terms of efficiency. Like environmental taxes, freely allocated (or grandfathered) pollution quotas or permits, for example, produce a costly tax-interaction effect, yet such quotas or permits do not enjoy the offsetting revenue-recycling effect. Auctioning the permits or quotas makes possible the revenue-recycling effect and allows given pollution-abatement targets to be achieved at lower cost. The failure to exploit the revenue-recycling effect can alter the sign of overall efficiency impact. Indeed, if marginal environmental benefits from pollution reductions are below a certain threshold value, then any level of pollution abatement through freely allocated quotas or permits is efficiency-reducing. The tax-interaction effect is relevant to government regulation outside the environmental area. To the extent that regulations on international trade or agricultural production raise output prices and thereby reduce real factor returns, these regulations exacerbate the factor-market distortions from pre-existing taxes and thus involve higher social costs than would be indicated by partial equilibrium analyses. |
| Palabras clave: | MODELO DE EQUILIBRIO GENERAL | EFICIENCIA | IMPUESTOS | CONTAMINACION | CONTROL DE EMISION DE GASES | PROTECCION AMBIENTAL | REGLAMENTO | MODELOS | LUCHA CONTRA LA CONTAMINACION | PRINCIPIO CONTAMINADOR-PAGADOR | COSTOS VARIABLES | POLITICA AMBIENTAL | DIOXIDO DE CARBONO | ANHIDRIDO SULFUROSO | INGRESOS | DISTRIBUCION DE LA RIQUEZA | CONTRIBUYENTES | EMPRESAS | CONTAMINANTES | COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL | PRODUCCION AGROPECUARIA | MERCADO DE TRABAJO | COSTOS SOCIALES | |
| Solicitar por: | HEMEROTECA J + datos de Fuente |
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