|
|
-
Recursos bibliográficos en papel y digitales -
- libros, artículos de revistas,
ponencias de eventos, etc. -
» Resultado:
141 registros
| Registro 1 de 141 |
| Autor: |
Afkhami, M. - Bassetti, T. - Ghoddusi, H. - Pavesi, F. |
| Título: |
Virtual water and the inequality in water content of consumption |
| Fuente: |
Environment and Development Economics. v.27, n.5. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| Páginas: |
pp. 470-490 |
| Año: |
oct. 2022 |
| Resumen: |
We present evidence that international trade may exacerbate the initial unequal distribution of hydric resources. This result is driven by the fact that countries exporting agricultural goods are relatively abundant (with respect to capital) in the combined availability of water and arable land but, in absolute terms, scarce in capital and not richer in water in comparison to more developed ones. Due to both the scarcity of capital and the lower relative price of natural resources with respect to capital, the total value of production in these developing countries is modest, implying that international trade can lead to a less even distribution of the water content of consumption. Policies sustaining water prices and, more generally, those of natural resources (or lower capital costs) may contribute to offsetting this effect and allow for trade to play a positive role in reducing the uneven distribution of water endowments. |
| Palabras clave: |
AGUA POTABLE |
RECURSOS HIDRICOS |
INEQUIDAD |
|
| Solicitar por: |
HEMEROTECA E + datos de Fuente |
| Registro 2 de 141 |
| Autor: |
Chen, Y. - Isikara, G. |
| Título: |
Beyond the nation-state narrative: an empirical inquiry into the cross-country and cross-income-group carbon consumption patterns |
| Fuente: |
Environment and Development Economics. v.27, n.1. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| Páginas: |
pp. 67-85 |
| Año: |
feb. 2022 |
| Resumen: |
The concern for inequality, growth and development is undoubtedly crucial in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, most studies either rely on the nation-state estimates of carbon emissions to propose a uniform nation-wide growth (or degrowth) strategy, or they tailor the method to assess the inequality of one country at a time, making a cross-country cross-income comparison difficult. To fill this analytical gap, we synthesize the existing methods of emission calculations and calculate the level of carbon emissions associated with given income deciles of household consumption in five countries, namely China, Germany, India, the UK and USA. We find that the within-country inequality varies among countries, with the ratio between the top and bottom income deciles ranging from three to nine at the household level. We also find that the carbon emissions of the top income group in urban China is almost comparable to that of their peer group in the US, UK and Germany. Based on these results, we discuss the use of the remaining global carbon budget in the context of development and inequality. |
| Palabras clave: |
EMISIONES DE CARBONO |
INGRESOS |
DESIGUALDAD |
CAMBIO CLIMATICO |
|
| Solicitar por: |
HEMEROTECA E + datos de Fuente |
| Registro 3 de 141 |
| Autor: |
Emmerling, Johannes |
| Título: |
Discounting and intragenerational equity |
| Fuente: |
Environment and Development Economics. v.23, n.1. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| Páginas: |
pp. 19-36 |
| Año: |
feb. 2018 |
| Resumen: |
We study the social discount rate, taking into account inequality within generations, that is, across countries or individuals. We show that if inequality decreases over time, the social discount rate should be lower than the one obtained by the standard Ramsey rule under certain but reasonable conditions. Applied to the global discount rate and due to the projected convergence across countries, this implies that the inequality adjusted discount rate should be about twice as high as the standard Ramsey rule predicts. For individual countries on the other hand, where inequality tends to increase over time, the effect goes in the other direction. For the United States for instance, this inequality effect leads to a reduction of the social discount rate by about 0.5 to 1 percentage points. We also present an analytical formula for the social discount rate allowing us to disentangle inequality, risk, and intertemporal fluctuation aversion. |
| Palabras clave: |
TASA DE DESCUENTO SOCIAL |
DESIGUALDAD |
EQUIDAD |
|
| Solicitar por: |
HEMEROTECA E + datos de Fuente |
| Registro 4 de 141 |
| Autor: |
Iqbal Irfany, Mohammad - Klasen, Stephan |
| Título: |
Affluence and emission tradeoffs: evidence from Indonesian households’ carbon footprint |
| Fuente: |
Environment and Development Economics. v.22, n.5. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| Páginas: |
pp. 546-570 |
| Año: |
oct. 2017 |
| Resumen: |
This study estimates Indonesian households’ carbon emissions that are attributed to their expenditures in 2005 and 2009 to analyze the pattern, distribution and drivers of their carbon footprint. Employing an input-output-emission-expenditure framework, the authors find a significant difference in household carbon emissions between different affluence levels, regions and educational levels. They also find that, while many household characteristics influence emissions, total expenditure is by far the most important determinant of household emissions, both across households and over time. Consequently, emissions inequality is very similar to expenditure inequality across households. The decomposition analysis confirms that changes in emissions are predominantly due to rising expenditures between the two periods, while expenditure elasticities analysis suggests that the rise in household emissions is mainly caused by the overall rise in total household expenditure, and not by shifting consumption shares among consumption categories. The paper discusses policy options for Indonesia to reduce this very strong expenditure-emissions link. |
| Palabras clave: |
DIOXIDO DE CARBONO |
EMISIONES |
|
| Solicitar por: |
HEMEROTECA E + datos de Fuente |
| Registro 5 de 141 |
| Autor: |
Djanibekov, Utkur - Villamor, Grace B. |
| Título: |
Market-based instruments for risk-averse farmers: rubber agroforest conservation in Jambi Province, Indonesia |
| Fuente: |
Environment and Development Economics. v.22, n.2. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| Páginas: |
pp. 133-155 |
| Año: |
apr. 2017 |
| Resumen: |
This paper investigates the effectiveness of different market-based instruments (MBIs), such as eco-certification premiums, carbon payments, Pigovian taxes and their combination, to address the conversion of agroforests to monoculture systems and subsequent effects on incomes of risk-averse farmers under income uncertainty in Indonesia. For these, the authors develop a farm-level dynamic mean-variance model combined with a real options approach. Findings show that the conservation of agroforest is responsive to the risk-aversion level of farmers: the greater the level of risk aversion, the greater is the conserved area of agroforest. However, for all risk-averse farmers, additional incentives in the form of MBIs are still needed to prevent conversion of agroforest over the years, and only the combination of MBIs can achieve this target. Implementing fixed MBIs also contributes to stabilizing farmers’ incomes and reducing income risks. Consequently, the combined MBIs increase incomes and reduce income inequality between hardly and extremely risk-averse farmers. |
| Palabras clave: |
AGRICULTURA |
RIESGOS |
MERCADO |
CAUCHO |
INDUSTRIA DEL CAUCHO | |
| Solicitar por: |
HEMEROTECA E + datos de Fuente |
>> Nueva
búsqueda
<<
Inicio
|
